[국문초록]
17세기 대북방 전쟁과 조선군의 전술 변화
-深河戰鬪를 중심으로
최형국 (수원문화재단, 문학박사)
본 논문은 17세기 조선군 전술변화의 양상을 대북방 전쟁 과정을 통해서 살펴보았다. 임란 이후 편찬된 병서인『武藝諸譜飜譯續集』과『練兵指南』을 구체적으로 살피면서 전술변화에 따른 군사 개개인의 전투방식의 변화까지도 확인하였다. 또한 심하전투의 분석을 통하여 전술적 한계를 짚어 보았다. 특히 병서의 내용 중 진법이나 군사 개개인의 익히는 무예의 경우는 기병을 방어하는 역할이 대폭 확대되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통하여 임진왜란 이후 일본군을 상대하기 위하여 급속하게 보병 위주로 변화된 조선군의 전술체제가 다시금 대북방 기병전력을 방어하는 방식으로 변화하였음을 확인하였다. 또한 단순한 포수 위주의 보병전술이 아닌 살수와 기병전력을 보강하여 車騎步 통합전을 통한 전술 다양화를 모색하였음을 확인할 수 있었다.
핵심어 : 조선군 전술, 『武藝諸譜飜譯續集』, 『練兵指南』, 심하전투(사르후 전투), 기병방어, 거기보 통합전, 무예사, 군사사
[Abstract]
The war with northern countries and the change of the military tactics of Joseon army in the 17th century
-the case of 'Battle of Simha'
This study investigated the aspect of the changes in the military tactics of Joseon army in the 17th century through the process in the war with northern countries. This study has looked into the books of military tactics Muyejebobeonyeoksokjip(武藝諸譜飜譯續集) and Yeonbyeongjinam(練兵指南) published after the Imjin war in 1592, in order to identify the changes in individual soldier's warfighting style, in accordance with the changes in the military tactics. In addition, the limits in the military tactics were addressed through the analysis of Simha battle. In particular, according to the books of military tactics, in the battle formation and the martial art that a soldier trained, the roles to protect the cavalry were greatly expanded. Through this, it was identified that the military tactics of Joseon army, which was focused on the infantry because Joseon army had to fight against Japan's army since the Imjin war in 1592, was transformed to protect the cavalry against the northern countries. In addition, it was also identified that the diversification of the military tactics was pursued through the combined tactics of military carts, cavalry and infantry by enforcing the chivalry's fighting power, not the infantry military tactics which was simply focused on artilleryman.
Key words: military tactics of Joseon armies, Muyejebobeonyeoksokjip(武藝諸譜飜譯續集), Yeonbyeongjinam(練兵指南), battle of Simha(battle of Sarhu) , protection of cavalry, combined tactics of military carts · cavalry and infantry(車騎步 統合戰), history of martial arts, history of military
*<군사연구>는 육군군사연구소에서 발행하며 한국연구재단 등재후보지입니다.
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